Policymaking is the process by which government sets a course for action that can have a profound impact on people, organizations and society at large. Policy can take many forms including regulations, subsidies, taxes and spending plans. Its aim is to achieve certain social or economic objectives such as fostering growth, reducing poverty, or protecting the environment.
To be successful, policies must be based on extensive research and consultation with stakeholders. They should be clear, concise and easy to understand. They should have champions and stewards that can push them forward when the political climate becomes tough. They should also be able to survive a change in leadership.
Developing and implementing policies is an intricate process. It requires an understanding of the social context, prevailing political values and the structure of the government in order to create effective policies. Ultimately, good public policy should deliver solutions that are both fair and cost-effective.
A policy is a set of statements of institutional respect and responsibility that articulates expectations and provides a framework for consistent decision-making and resource allocation on a specific issue. Museums use policies to guide their operations in areas such as collections, loans, de-accessions and personnel.
There are different types of policies based on the type of instrument used and the level of endorsement or approval. Portfolio, sector or area policies are broader in scope and may require Cabinet-endorsement. Departmental or agency-level policies are more focused on internal matters like human resources, technology and risk and often do not need Cabinet approval.